The Jewish War: A Captivating Guide to the First Jewish-Roman War and How the Great Revolt of Judea Impacted Ancient Rome and Jewish History (History of Judaism) by History Captivating
Author:History, Captivating
Language: eng
Format: epub
Published: 2023-01-05T00:00:00+00:00
Chapter 6 â Jerusalem on the Eve of the Roman Siege
By the time Josephus joined the Roman cause in 69 CE, Jerusalem had descended into near anarchy. Secular and religious leaders, intent on maintaining their power, contended for the peopleâs support. Religious disputes expanded to encompass secular politics and vice versa. Alliances of parties and splinter groups were formed, dissolved, and reformed. Often, the leaders of factions had no other motive than expanding their power and, as a consequence, their wealth. The pragmatic elder Jews of the Sanhedrin counseled making peace with the Romans, whose impressive legions were on the horizon. Many of the younger noblemen in Jerusalem preferred to continue the insurgency.
The streets of the city became bathed in the blood of disputing political and religious factions and the victims of bandits. Several discontented parties, among them supporters of the king of Judea, Herod Agrippa II, faced off against each other. Herod Agrippa made known his intentions to leave his headquarters at Caesarea, as he wanted to visit Jerusalem and restore order to the city. He was refused admittance. The blocking of his way into Jerusalem was, according to the more radical Jews, justified because Herod Agrippa had dispatched some two thousand soldiers to assist Vespasian in his attacks on Judea.
After the rebellious John of Gischala fled Galilee, he settled in Jerusalem. He took up a prominent position as the leader of many discontented Jews. He claimed to have strategically retreated from Galilee rather than cowardly fled from the overwhelming Roman forces that flooded into Gischala. In his several orations to the people of Jerusalem, at least according to Josephus, John of Gischala glossed over the fact that he had retreated from his hometown, leaving many Jews to their fate at the hands of the Romans. John claimed that under his leadership, the Romans would be held off from taking Jerusalem due to the impregnable walls surrounding the city. He reiterated the generally-held belief that it was impossible for the Romans to take the holy city, as it was under the protection of God. Johnâs speeches, said Josephus, âcorrupted a great part of the young men, and puffed them up for war.â In hindsight, Josephus wrote that none of the Jewish fighters foresaw what was coming and that none âmade lamentations on that account.â Josephus thus described Johnâs followers as living in a kind of foolâs paradise.
John leveraged what might have been personal connections with important personages in Jerusalem to become more respected by the Roman opposition. He also persuaded the Zealots to join his cause. John became progressively more opposed to any cooperation with the Romans. His stand contrasted with the moderate religious and political elite in Jerusalem, like High Priest Ananus, who strove to stop the Romansâ advance on the city by any means possible, including suing for peace.
The discord in Jerusalem was encouraged by a collapse in order in the countryside of Judea. Bandits and politically motivated raiders attacked farmers and travelers, relieving them of their goods and often taking their lives.
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